Topic Resources
Some foot problems start in the foot itself, for example, resulting from a foot injury. Problems can occur in any bone, joint, muscle, tendon, or ligament of the foot.
Other foot problems result from disorders that affect many parts of the body, such as diabetes, gout, or other types of arthritis.
Discoloration of the toenails should always be evaluated by a doctor because it may be caused by certain disorders, including a fungal infection.
Anatomy of the Foot
People who have diabetes or peripheral arterial disease
(narrowing of the arteries that carry blood to the legs, arms, and
possibly internal organs) should check their feet daily for signs of
infection or ulcers and should have a doctor or foot doctor (podiatrist)
check their feet at least twice a year (see Foot care).
The Foot
3D Model
Treatment
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Footwear changes and orthoses
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Injections of anesthetics and/or corticosteroids
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Sometimes surgery
Many foot disorders are successfully treated by changing a
person’s footwear, such as wearing different shoes or using inserts or
other devices placed in the shoe that change the position or range of
movement of the foot to relieve pressure on affected joints or painful
areas (called orthotics or orthoses).
Injections of an anesthetic into the affected joint or painful
area can often relieve pain and decrease muscle spasms so that joints
can move more easily, and a corticosteroid may also be injected to
decrease inflammation.
If these treatments are not successful, sometimes surgery is needed to improve joint alignment and function and relieve pain.
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