Topic Resources
Drug administration is the giving of a drug by one of several means (routes). Drug kinetics (pharmacokinetics) describes how the body handles a drug and accounts for the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
Overview of Drug Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion
Drug treatment requires getting a drug to its specific target
site or sites in tissues where the drug performs its action. Typically,
the drug is introduced into the body (the process of administration), sometimes far from this target site. The drug must move into the bloodstream (the process of absorption) and be transported to the target sites where the drug is needed (the process of distribution). Some drugs are chemically altered (the process of metabolism)
by the body before they perform their action, others are metabolized
afterward, and still others are not metabolized at all. The final step
is the removal of the drug and its metabolites from the body (the
process of elimination).
Many factors, including a person’s weight, genetic makeup, and kidney or liver function, can influence these kinetic processes (see Overview of Response to Drugs and Genetic Makeup and Response to Drugs). Changes due to aging also affect how the body processes drugs (see Aging and Drugs).
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